Testing AI-Infused Apps: A Dual-Layer Framework for AI Quality Assurance
AI-infused apps are different from traditional software. Apps that embed large language models, agents, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), or tool-calling workflows bring their own characteristics. They combine deterministic code with probabilistic intelligence. This creates new failure modes that standard testing practices cannot fully address. Engineering leaders, QA architects, platform teams, DevOps engineers, AI product owners, and reliability teams must adopt a dual testing strategy: ri

